{"id":175,"date":"2024-11-11T19:34:24","date_gmt":"2024-11-11T19:34:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/wpmu.mau.se\/msm24group3\/?p=175"},"modified":"2024-12-16T15:36:24","modified_gmt":"2024-12-16T15:36:24","slug":"interviewing-as-a-research-method","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/wpmu.mau.se\/msm24group3\/2024\/11\/11\/interviewing-as-a-research-method\/","title":{"rendered":"Interviewing as a research tool: a comparative exploration"},"content":{"rendered":"
<\/div>\r\n

Introduction<\/strong><\/p>\n

In order to develop my skills as an interviewer, and researcher more broadly, I conducted two interviews with people in completely different fields, one was over Zoom and the other was in Person.<\/p>\n

The first interview took place in Copenhagen in early November with a Project Manager for Development at RARE, a US based conservation and development charity – https:\/\/rare.org\/.<\/p>\n

My second interview was a Zoom call with IF Palestine – a grassroots anti-imperialist organisation in Denmark which organises weekly protests for the Palestinian cause, as well as other events such as the recent People\u2019s Conference for Palestine, which I wrote about in my most recent blog post.<\/p>\n

At first, I was not able to conduct the initial Zoom interview as planned as it had to be rescheduled on their end, but following my attendance at the the People\u2019s Conference for Palestine, I was able to approach a representative from the organisers to rearrange the Zoom meeting.<\/p>\n

This exercise offered proved valuable in understanding the process of how interviews as a research methodology should be approached and planned. I also gained a better understanding around the importance of building rapport and being able to expand on and develop key points raised during the conversation.<\/p>\n

Interview 1 – in-person<\/strong><\/p>\n

Initial contact<\/strong><\/p>\n

I reached out to my interviewee after attending an online webinar hosted by Rewired Earth, an organisation I have freelanced for. Following the event, I collected their contact details and emailed them to outline the project’s scope and the purpose of the interview including a brief overview of who I was. The interview was conducted in a quiet cafe in Copenhagen on Wednesday, November 6th.<\/p>\n

The interviewee responded very quickly that they would be keen to meet and and help me with whatever it was I needed in order for the project to be successful – the tone of the email exchange was engaged, polite and responsive which gave me confidence that the in-person interview would go smoothly.<\/p>\n

To provide context and help my interviewee prepare, I shared the main topic headings in advance, but I refrained from sending the full questions. This approach allowed the conversation to flow more naturally. Examples of my headings below:<\/p>\n

1. Project Scope and Impact
\n2. Stakeholder Communication and Collaboration
\n3. Crisis Management and Communication
\n4. Engaging Local Communities and Building Awareness<\/p>\n

Rapport<\/strong><\/p>\n

Building rapport with an interviewee is essential for the success of any academic research project. Establishing a positive and trusting relationship fosters open and honest communication, encouraging the interviewee to share valuable insights and experiences (Knight, 2009) . Effective rapport-building begins with demonstrating genuine interest in the interviewee’s perspective, actively listening, and maintaining a respectful and empathetic tone throughout the interaction. Preparing thoughtful questions and creating a comfortable environment also play a vital role. Strong rapport not only enhances the depth and quality of the data collected but also ensures ethical research practices by prioritising the interviewee’s comfort and willingness to participate.<\/p>\n

The in-person interview fostered a positive rapport, characterised by open dialogue and genuine engagement. My interviewee was receptive to both my research and my questions, which contributed to the overall quality of the discussion.
\nDuring the interviews, I took shorthand notes, which I later expanded into more comprehensive answers.<\/p>\n

Interview 2 – on Zoom<\/strong><\/p>\n

Initial contact<\/strong><\/p>\n

For my second interview, I reached out to a representative of IF Palestine, a branch of the International Forum, which describes itself as \u2018an anti-imperialist solidarity organisation who supports and collaborates with grassroots movements and political groups around the world resisting and fighting imperialism and imperialist institutions such as the IMF, The World Bank, NATO, and the WTO.\u2019 https:\/\/internationaltforum.dk\/what-is-internationalt-forum\/).<\/p>\n

The idea was to interview someone closer to our blog theme of digital activism as the IF Palestine is very active on Instagram. Their Instagram handle translates as \u2018stop the annexation\u2019 and the account has around 50K followers and is administered by the IF Palestine Group. The account also has a link to its backup account in case of any restrictions of the censoring of content by Meta. The account is primarily used to inform on the details of demonstrations in Denmark, as well as to provide on-going updates on the situation in the Israel-Palestine war.<\/p>\n

The account has an email address in the bio which is the one I used to make initial contact and set up the Zoom call, which was due to take place on Friday November 8th. Unfortunately they had to cancel on the day the interview was supposed to take place due to unforeseen circumstances so I wasn\u2019t able to get the answers to any of my questions in time for the initial deadline.<\/p>\n

However, I attended the People\u2019s Conference for Palestine in early December, which was organised by the IF Palestine. After the conference and the Q and A, I approached one of the organisers, who wishes to remain anonymous, and asked if it would be possible to reschedule the Zoom call, which we were able to successfully do.<\/p>\n

Rapport<\/strong><\/p>\n

It was harder to establish a rapport initially given the fact I was simply reaching out to the general email listed on the Instagram account. I outlined the project in my initial email and requested a 10-15 minute call, conscious of the fact that the majority of their time had to be spent on the activist cause.<\/p>\n

I was slower to receive a reply than my first interviewee, although did manage to eventually find a mutual time to talk. Unfortunately, they cancelled on the day the interview was due to take place and it was difficult find another appropriate time slot. However, as detailed above, I was able to then make contact in person at the conference and we arranged the Zoom for the following week. When we spoke in person at the conference, I was able to build a rapport by detailing the project and explaining that our blog group was trying to map digital activism through the Pro-Palestinian cause in our various cities across Europe. My contact was receptive to this and keen to discuss further. I feel it certainly helped the rapport on the Zoom call that we had already met in person.<\/p>\n

I then followed up again by email with some proposed questions in the following areas:<\/p>\n

1. About the Movement\u2019s Goals and Approach
\n2. Digital Activism Strategy
\n3. Content and Messaging
\n4. Challenges and Community Response
\n5. Legal and Ethical Considerations<\/p>\n

Differences between online vs in-person interviews<\/strong><\/p>\n

Face-to-face interviews allow for richer interaction through non-verbal cues like eye contact and body language, enhancing the flow of communication (Irvine et al., 2012).<\/p>\n

My in-person interviewee was also a native English speaker which I felt made the interview flow more freely with less room for any mis-communication or misinterpretation. In contrast, the Zoom interview was less expressive due to video delays and required occasional rephrasing in English, a second language of my interviewee (although they still have a perfectly good level of English). I also had less time with my Zoom interviewee given their limited amount of time.<\/p>\n

Physical presence in face-to-face interviews fosters focus and intentionality, creating a distraction-free environment. Online interviews, while convenient, lack intimacy and can be disrupted by technical issues, though professionalism and adaptability ensure productive discussions.<\/p>\n

Personal Reflections on interviews as a technique<\/strong><\/p>\n

Interviews are a highly effective research method, offering rich, in-depth insights into individuals\u2019 thoughts, experiences, and perspectives. Unlike surveys or observational approaches, interviews provide a nuanced understanding of complex issues by allowing researchers to explore responses further and seek clarification in real-time. This adaptability is particularly advantageous when addressing sensitive or intricate topics, as it enables the researcher to respond empathetically to the interviewee\u2019s emotions or hesitations, fostering an environment conducive to authentic expression.<\/p>\n

Thorough preparation is equally critical. Conducting background research on the interviewee, their profession, or their field of expertise ensures that questions are targeted and informed, while allowing for a natural conversational flow. Additionally, researchers should anticipate potential rescheduling or cancellations, as interviews often depend on the availability and priorities of the interviewee. I will certainly take these learnings forward with me for my degree thesis.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

References<\/strong><\/p>\n

Holstein, J. A., & Gubrium, J. F. (2011).\u00a0Rethinking interview procedures. In The active Interview. SAGE Publications.\u00a0https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4135\/9781412986120<\/p>\n

Irvine, A., Drew, P., & Sainsbury, R. (2012). \u201cAm I not answering your questions properly?\u201d Clarification, Adequacy, and Responsiveness in Semi-structured Telephone and Face-to-face interviews.\u00a0Qualitative Research, 13(1), 87\u2013106. SAGE Publications.\u00a0https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1468794112439086<\/p>\n

Mills J. (2014). Methodology and Methods. In J. Mills & M. Birks (eds.) Qualitative Methodology: A Practical Guide. Sage Publications Ltd.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

By Joel Huggins<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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