{"id":387,"date":"2024-11-09T08:00:28","date_gmt":"2024-11-09T08:00:28","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/wpmu.mau.se\/msm24group4\/?p=387"},"modified":"2024-11-15T15:24:45","modified_gmt":"2024-11-15T15:24:45","slug":"interview-as-research-method-discussions-on-digital-activism-and-participation","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/wpmu.mau.se\/msm24group4\/2024\/11\/09\/interview-as-research-method-discussions-on-digital-activism-and-participation\/","title":{"rendered":"Interview as research method: discussions on digital activism and participation"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"fb-root\"><\/div>\r\n<p><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">How <\/span><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">to<\/span><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\"> do research on digital activism and digital protests? How <\/span><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">to<\/span><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\"> gain knowledge on the connection between online and offline activism?<\/span><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\"> In this blog post, I\u00b4ll reflect on two interviews that I conducted recently. I aim to explore interviews as a research method on digital activism.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">To understand the digital activism phenomenon and how activists <\/span><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">themselves<\/span><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\"> see the correlation between their actions online\/<\/span><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">offline<\/span><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\"> I considered the semi-structured interview <\/span><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">to be<\/span><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\"> a <\/span><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">good<\/span><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\"> method.<\/span><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\"> In semi-structured interviews, questions are specified, but the interviewer is free to ask beyond the planned questions. In semi-structured interviews, the participant can answer on their own terms. (Wessels, 2024)<\/span><\/p>\n<h4><strong><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">In-person or online?<\/span><\/strong><\/h4>\n<p><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">For the assignment, I conducted two interviews, one in person and the other online. Below, I briefly explain who I interviewed and offer some reflections on the interview itself.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">The first interviewee<\/span><\/strong><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\"> is a person that I briefly met in a demonstration. In the interview, I asked questions like:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">How often do they take part in offline protests?<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">How often do they share material <\/span><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">online,<\/span><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\"> that could be defined as digital activism?<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">How do they feel when taking part in online\/offline protests?<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">We discussed online, but nevertheless, the interview had a good rapport. The interviewee was interested in the topic and was happy to participate. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">Perhaps the atmosphere was even too familiar. I noted that I should practice my own researcher role for the <\/span><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">next<\/span><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\"> interview. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">The interviewee&#8217;s answers corresponded to my hypothesis and also my own experiences. <\/span><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">I noted that it would be <\/span><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">important<\/span><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\"> to have a rich variety of interviewees from different <\/span><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">backgrounds<\/span><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">,<\/span><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\"> to have<\/span><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\"> diversity in the answers.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">In the interview, we discussed participation, how often they participate, and how. <\/span><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">In addition to open answers, <\/span><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">real<\/span><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\"> data on the topic would have been <\/span><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">useful<\/span><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">, for <\/span><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">example<\/span> <span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">in the form of<\/span><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\"> a survey or by tracking how often a group of people participate in protests or share content on social media.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">The second interview was<\/span><\/strong><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\"> conducted in person. <\/span><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">I interviewed a <\/span><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">teacher<\/span><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">,<\/span><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\"> who works<\/span><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\"> in an NGO that prepares materials for schools on human rights, global citizenship, and participation.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">The interviewee mentioned that the introduction to the interview was good and that they felt interested in participating. It was easy to build rapport with the participant. The insights from the interview were an <\/span><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">interesting<\/span><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\"> counterpart to an interview I had done before, but the research question and <\/span><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">therefore<\/span> <span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">the<\/span><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\"> content of the interview could have been clearer for me.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">In my interviews, I didn\u00b4t find a difference in the rapport of the interviews depending on online\/in-person interviews. Irvine et al. discuss in the article \u2018Am I not answering your questions properly?\u2019 the assumption that lack of face-to-face contact restricts the development of rapport and \u201cnatural\u201d encounters (2012). New technologies <\/span><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">allow also<\/span><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\"> remotely done interviews to have face-to-face contact, and as Trier-Bieniek <\/span><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">says<\/span><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\"> there is never a guarantee of a rapport between the researcher and a participant in an in-person interview (2012).<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">I didn\u00b4t experience a problem with the rapport, but what I thought about after conducting both interviews is that it might be better to interview people in <\/span><em><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">their own environment<\/span><\/em><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">. I could have asked the first interviewee to give concrete examples of their own behavior in social media and show their social media accounts and the content they share. In the second interview, I could have asked to see the materials or even <\/span><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">take part<\/span><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\"> in one of the lessons they organize in school. <\/span><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">This small ethnographic <\/span><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">point of view would have given a lot<\/span><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\"> more background information.<\/span><\/p>\n<h4><strong><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">The power of the researcher<\/span><\/strong><\/h4>\n<p><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">I was quite surprised at how easy it was to find <\/span><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">a suitable participant<\/span><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\"> for my interviews. Even though this was a school assignment I felt that the participants took it seriously and were eager to share their experiences.<\/span><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\"> That reminded me about the role and power that the researchers\/interviewers have. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">Holstein &amp; Gubrium argue that <\/span><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">both<\/span><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\"> participant and interviewer are <\/span><em><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">active <\/span><\/em><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">in the interview (1995)<\/span><em><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">.<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p><em><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">Each is involved in meaning-making work. <\/span><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">Meaning<\/span> <span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">is not merely elicited<\/span><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\"> by apt questioning nor <\/span><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">simply<\/span><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\"> transported through respondent replies; it <\/span><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">is actively and communicatively assembled<\/span> <span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">in<\/span><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\"> the interview <\/span><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">encounter<\/span><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">.<\/span><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\"> Respondents are not so much repositories of knowledge\u2014treasuries of information awaiting excavation\u2014as they are constructors of <\/span><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">knowledge<\/span><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\"> in collaboration with interviewers.<\/span><\/em><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\"> (Holstein &amp; Gubrium,1995)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">If we consider the interview to be a collaborative process, and the result depends on the <\/span><em><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">meaning-making<\/span><\/em><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\"> done <\/span><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">together<\/span><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\"> it is highly important <\/span><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">as<\/span><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\"> a research interviewer to understand <\/span><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">your<\/span><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\"> role, biases, and<\/span> <span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">hypotheses and <\/span><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">see<\/span><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\"> that those don\u00b4t <\/span><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">intervene<\/span><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\"> with the result.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">There is always a complex power and dependency dynamic in the relationship between the researcher and the research participants (Wessels, 2024). In this case, I was interviewing my peers <\/span><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">and<\/span><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\"> by that, I mean that we share the same ethnic background and same status in a society. But even in this setting, I noticed that in the interview context, I had the power to lead the situation, I was the one asking questions, and <\/span><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">also<\/span><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\"> all my questions were answered. It is <\/span><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">important<\/span><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\"> to understand the power dynamic and reflect on how it <\/span><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">is affecting<\/span><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\"> the answers\/results. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">I think this was the main takeaway for me from this <\/span><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">assignment;<\/span><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\"> to practice my researcher role. <\/span><\/p>\n<h4><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">\u00a0<\/span><strong><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">How to use an interview as a research method efficiently?<\/span><\/strong><\/h4>\n<p><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">To conclude my insights, I made these notes for myself for the future. <\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">Sharp research questions and interview questions based on that.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">Ask <\/span><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">yourself;<\/span><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\"> what kind of data do you need to gain from the interview?<\/span><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\"> Do you need some data before as background information?<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">Consider carefully the place where you do the interview<\/span><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">, is<\/span><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\"> it better to meet in an official office setting or in a place that is related to the topic, or something between?<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">Do you need more than just the answers, or would you like to see the participant&#8217;s home\/workplace\/something else?<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">Remember to be mindful of your researcher role and use your power right.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">Be open. Participants have the right to know what you are doing and why<\/span><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">, also<\/span> <span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">sharing<\/span><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\"> something about your own (professional) background can help in building up the rapport.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>How to do research on digital activism and digital protests? How to gain knowledge on the connection between online and offline activism? In this blog post, I\u00b4ll reflect on two interviews that I conducted recently. I aim to explore interviews as a research method on digital activism. To understand the&#8230; <a class=\"continue-reading-link\" href=\"https:\/\/wpmu.mau.se\/msm24group4\/2024\/11\/09\/interview-as-research-method-discussions-on-digital-activism-and-participation\/\">Continue reading<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":735,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[38],"tags":[15,45,236,238,22],"class_list":["post-387","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-interview","tag-activism","tag-digital-activism","tag-methodologies","tag-participation","tag-protest"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.1.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\r\n<title>Interview as research method: discussions on digital activism and participation - IDA<\/title>\r\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\r\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/wpmu.mau.se\/msm24group4\/2024\/11\/09\/interview-as-research-method-discussions-on-digital-activism-and-participation\/\" \/>\r\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\r\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\r\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Interview as research method: discussions on digital activism and participation - IDA\" \/>\r\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"How to do research on digital activism and digital protests? 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How to gain knowledge on the connection between online and offline activism? In this blog post, I\u00b4ll reflect on two interviews that I conducted recently. I aim to explore interviews as a research method on digital activism. To understand the... 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