{"id":313,"date":"2024-12-05T22:00:06","date_gmt":"2024-12-05T22:00:06","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/wpmu.mau.se\/msm24group7\/?p=313"},"modified":"2024-12-12T12:22:30","modified_gmt":"2024-12-12T12:22:30","slug":"transformation-or-a-better-status-quo-considering-the-development-crossroads","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/wpmu.mau.se\/msm24group7\/2024\/12\/05\/transformation-or-a-better-status-quo-considering-the-development-crossroads\/","title":{"rendered":"Transformation or a ‘better status quo’? Considering the development crossroads\u00a0"},"content":{"rendered":"
<\/div>\r\n

Discourse on this blog and elsewhere has referenced international development studies being at a kind of crossroads, or \u2018critical moment\u2019 (Telleria, p.15). There are multiple competing directions of potential travel for the teaching and practical application of development studies and research. Decolonisation is also a live issue, with recent literature seeking to \u201cdisrupt and renew understandings of development and articulate a more progressive politics\u201d (Biekart, Camfield, Kothari & Melber, 2023)<\/span><\/p>\n

In considering the future direction of thinking in the field, it is useful to take stock of where the commonalities and fault lines lie in the various approaches. A <\/span>recent paper<\/span><\/a> by Andy Sumner of King\u2019s College London and current president of the European Association of Development Institutes (EADI), attempts to set the development picture in 2024. Pointing out that Development Studies as an academic discipline now has at least 50 years of history, Sumner expands on the crossroads analogy by proposing a \u201ctypology of development studies\u201d in an \u201cindicative rather than absolute\u201d attempt to outline the major schools of thought in development today (Sumner, p.1283). Sumner\u2019s findings propose that a development quadrant may be a more appropriate way of situating priorities and thinking in the sector.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

The typology (fig.1) primarily asserts that the main differences in development studies thinking today falls around two main issues. The first is the view that development should have a \u201ctransformatory\u201d effect on society, versus a \u201cmore modest vision of a better status quo\u201d. The second is the view that development is a global issue, compared with a preference for a focus on the countries of the Global South (ibid). Therefore, post-development thinking, which broadly speaking takes a critical approach to mainstream development as pursued by Western countries, would align with the transformatory\/all countries quadrant. On the direct opposite side lies a grouping Sumner identifies as \u2018Aid-Fragility-Conflict Development Studies\u2019, which is largely concerned with very poor countries identified as being aid dependent and affected by conflict.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Fig.1: <\/span>\u201cSchools of thought in Development Studies: a typology.\u201d <\/span><\/i>(Sumner, p. 1285).\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Referencing Sumner\u2019s paper on the EADI blog, researcher Caroline Cornier posits that a lack of clarity on the agreed meaning of \u2018development\u2019 and consequent ambiguity around its objectives results in \u201cdevelopment researchers talking past each other, instead of constructively debating\u201d (Cornier, 2024). Sumner argues that one of the strengths of his typographical approach is that it brings the tangible and existing differences in approaches in development to the fore, allowing for more frank and informed debate and discussion among development practitioners and academics.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Perhaps most significantly in this regard, the distinctions between the top and bottom halves of the diagram point most clearly to differing approaches between transformatory and more moderate forms of development. At an EADI workshop which discussed the paper earlier this year, academics provided varying interesting perspectives on potential aspects of Sumner\u2019s typology. Some of the issues raised in the discussions around the framing and future of development included the \u201cobsession with Gross Domestic Product\u201d as a yardstick of progress, rights-based approaches and the ethical imperatives of decolonising knowledge, underlining the diversity of views in where emphasis should be placed in development studies (Moyeen and Muzaffar, 2024).\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

In reflecting on the main boundaries within development studies identified in his paper, Sumner also turns to considering the need for \u201cnew conceptual thinking and vocabulary\u201d in the field. Sumner suggests that one such approach could involve moving away from the \u2018development\u2019 label entirely and instead centering the potentially more unifying concepts of \u2018global justice\u2019 or \u2018global equality\u2019 (Sumner, p.1294).\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Andrea Cornwall, Professor of Global Development & Anthropology at King\u2019s College London, takes this further. For her, decolonial practice in development should not simply be a matter for university programmes. In a contribution to the 2020 book <\/span>Beyond the Master\u2019s Tools? Decolonizing Knowledge Orders, Research Methods and Teaching, <\/span><\/i>Cornwall describes how how reframing development as a \u201cglobal quest for social, gender, racial and ecological justice\u201d makes it possible to envision a decolonised approach to development studies in its entirety:<\/span><\/p>\n

It would focus on understanding the makings of the modern world as a process deeply inflected by the colonization of minds as well as lands, with indelible marks on world history, including in places that were never part of the colonial dominion or colonizing project. It would seek out and situate attempts to change the world for the better, locating them not in the narrative of intervention, but in one that includes insurrection. (Cornwall, p.202).\u00a0<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

Surveying the development landscape midway through this decade, Sumner\u2019s schema is a useful reference. Since reading the paper, I have found myself considering which quadrat the communications and public positioning of development NGOs, \u2018thought leaders\u2019 and activist groups, and academic discourse would fall into. However, as Sumner notes, it is one interpretation and by no means a final framing of the development picture today.\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

This blog has set out to critically consider the place of development studies and how its teaching and practice can help bring about meaningful change. The \u2018post-development\u2019 quadrant of Sumner\u2019s typology spotlights a vital area of focus in terms of realising true change and decolonisation in the development space. Discussions on the \u2018future of development studies\u2019 continue, but the need for truly decolonising initiatives and transformative approaches in communicating social change are clearer than ever.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

References<\/b><\/h6>\n

Biekart, K. Camfield, L. Kothari, U. & Melber, H. (2023). Rethinking Development and Decolonising Development Studies. In <\/span>Challenging Global Development: Towards Decoloniality and Justice. <\/span><\/i>(pp. 1-13). Cambridge: Palgrave Macmillan.<\/span><\/p>\n

Cornier, C. (2024). <\/span>The Future of Development Studies: Unity in Diversity?<\/span><\/i> Retrieved December 2 2024, from <\/span>https:\/\/www.developmentresearch.eu\/?p=1915<\/span><\/a>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Cornwall, A. (2020). Decolonizing Development Studies: Pedagogic Reflections. In D. Bendix, F. M\u00fcller & A. Ziai (Eds.) <\/span>Beyond the Master\u2019s Tools? Decolonizing Knowledge Orders, Research Methods and Teaching <\/span><\/i>(pp. 191-204). London: Rowman & Littlefield.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Moyeen, A. & Muzaffar, S.K. <\/span>The Future of Development Studies \u2013 Further Discussions Needed. <\/span><\/i>Retrieved<\/span> December 2 2024, from <\/span>https:\/\/www.developmentresearch.eu\/?p=1951<\/span><\/a>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Sumner, A. (2024). Unity in Diversity? Reflections on Development Studies in the Mid\u20112020s. <\/span>The European Journal of Development Research. <\/span><\/i>36:1280\u20131298.<\/span><\/p>\n

Telleria, S. (2023). Essentialist Approaches to Global Issues: The Ontological Limitations of Development Studies. In <\/span>Challenging Global Development: Towards Decoloniality and Justice <\/span><\/i>(pp. 15-33). Cambridge: Palgrave Macmillan.<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Discourse on this blog and elsewhere has referenced international development studies being at a kind of crossroads, or \u2018critical moment\u2019 (Telleria, p.15). There are multiple …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":751,"featured_media":314,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[7,6],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-313","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-decolonisation","category-development-studies"],"yoast_head":"\r\nTransformation or a 'better status quo'? 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