{"id":197,"date":"2020-10-02T18:20:45","date_gmt":"2020-10-02T18:20:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/wpmu.mau.se\/nmict202group8\/?p=197"},"modified":"2022-05-11T12:27:49","modified_gmt":"2022-05-11T12:27:49","slug":"fighting-the-infodemic-facebook-and-the-fake-news-on-covid-19","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/wpmu.mau.se\/nmict202group8\/2020\/10\/02\/fighting-the-infodemic-facebook-and-the-fake-news-on-covid-19\/","title":{"rendered":"Fighting the Infodemic: Facebook and the fake news on COVID-19"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"fb-root\"><\/div>\r\n<p><em>Facebook is a giant. It is not only the probably best known social media platform of the world, it is also a corporation that owns services such as WhatsApp or Instagram. Being such an online imperium acting worldwide, Facebook is powerful. And it faces many pitfalls, for example regarding data security, hate speech, different local laws and censorship. In this series, I will examine Facebook\u2019s not always glorious role in development, conflict and crisis around the world.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>COVID-19 changed our lives. The virus entered the world, changed our working lives and our attitude towards physical closeness. For many of us, it turned the world upside down. The pandemic slowed down some parts of life but accelerated others. For example, efforts for digitalization suddenly got tail wind. Companies discovered the advantages of remote work and home office, online offers for education and leisure sprouted like mushrooms. And being quarantined, many people started spending even more time with Social Media than before. That shift from offline to online favored misinformation as well.<\/p>\n<p>On June 4<sup>th<\/sup> 2020, V\u011bra Jourov\u00e1, Vice President of the European Commission, <a href=\"https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/commission\/presscorner\/detail\/en\/speech_20_1000\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">held a speech with the title \u201cFrom pandemic to infodemic\u201d<\/a>. She brought up the role of Social Media in the COVID-19 crisis and stated clearly: \u201cThe COVID-19 pandemic is just a reminder about the huge problem of misinformation, disinformation and digital hoaxes.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>The term infodemic Jourov\u00e1 used was amongst others coined by the World Health Organization (WHO). In a video, WHO explains, what infodemic means and what we can do to stop it:<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"How to protect yourself in the infodemic?\" width=\"1081\" height=\"608\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/E5Egi0nuDEs?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>But videos like that one often get lost in world wide networks like Facebook. Algorithms favor posts that seem to be more attractive. Thus, instead of educating videos, <a href=\"https:\/\/allianceforscience.cornell.edu\/blog\/2020\/04\/covid-top-10-current-conspiracy-theories\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">conspiracy theories<\/a> are spread internationally. It is obviously more catchy for many Facebook users to blame 5G, Bill Gates or Chinese Scientists for the pandemic than helping to fight it.<\/p>\n<p>The activist network Avaaz <a href=\"https:\/\/secure.avaaz.org\/campaign\/en\/facebook_threat_health\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">published a paper<\/a> in August, in which Avaaz analyzed the reach of fake news regarding health issues on Facebook. The numbers are alarming: in April 2020, according to the activists\u2019 estimations, websites that were spreading health misinformation reached 460 million views on Facebook. And although <a href=\"https:\/\/about.fb.com\/news\/2020\/04\/covid-19-misinfo-update\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Facebook expanded its fact checking network and worked on identifying and labelling misinformation<\/a>, only 16% of the articles analyzed by Avaaz had a warning label. As the report explains, one of the successful tactics of those who publish misinformation is extensive networking. The analyzed pages were connected and shared and republished their content. By translating and republishing, they avoided or at least complicated Facebook\u2019s fact checking mechanisms. According to the report, the top ten websites spreading fake news on health issues reached four times as many users as did the ten leading health institutions.<\/p>\n<p>Although the numbers cited in the Avaaz report and some methods are contested, the report drew attention to a huge problem. Regarding the question, how this problem could be solved or how the infodemic could be \u201cquarantined\u201d, Avaaz suggests two measures:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u201cCorrect the record\u201d: users who saw or interacted with posts offering wrong information, should be provided with corrections.<\/li>\n<li>\u201cDetox the algorithm\u201d: Facebook should modify its algorithm so that misleading content and actors get less possibilities to increase their reach.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Facebook\u2019s algorithm started as a simple sorting order of posts in 2009 and <a href=\"https:\/\/blog.hootsuite.com\/facebook-algorithm\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">has been continuously evolving since<\/a>. Today, it uses many factors and pieces of information to decide automatically, which content should be watched by which user. The number of interactions and popularity of posts play an important role. The problem: many of the posts spreading misinformation on COVID-19, provoke interaction and get a certain popularity through respective bubbles and networks. Thus, the algorithm favors them over reliable information.<\/p>\n<p>Facebook of course reacted to accusations of supporting fake news not only after the Avaaz report. On it\u2019s blog, the company lists all measures that were taken for \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/about.fb.com\/news\/2020\/08\/coronavirus\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Keeping People Safe and Informed About the Coronavirus<\/a>\u201d. Facebook didn\u2019t only try to give fake news less space, it also helped reliable sources to spread proper information, it supports health and economic relief efforts by donating money, offering free ads, providing data and tools or promoting petitions. The company also intervened when the market of sanitizers and face masks seemed to get out of control and Facebook ads lead to scams and inflated prices. But were these measures enough? Did they come in time or was Facebook too slow?<\/p>\n<p>It would be interesting to read a follow up report by Avaaz to see if Facebook\u2019s measures made an impact after some months. As in the case of the <a href=\"https:\/\/wpmu.mau.se\/nmict202group8\/2020\/09\/25\/from-online-hate-speech-to-offline-crime-facebooks-role-in-the-rohingya-crisis-in-myanmar\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Rohingya crisis<\/a>, the COVID-19 pandemic again shows how dangerous the dynamics of social networks like Facebook can be. Although Facebook in both cases took action, it only reacted after criticism got loud. It would be a future goal to be aware of the role of social media right at the beginning of a crisis and react before people get confused, incited, and even harmed. This task is not only Facebook\u2019s duty. It is also a duty of politics and law. As V\u011bra Jourov\u00e1 stated in her speech: \u201cWe must not move into censoring, we must not create ministries of truth. [\u2026] But we must equip ourselves better to address the challenges of our digital reality.\u201c<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>COVID-19 changed our lives. The virus entered the world, changed our working lives and our attitude towards physical closeness. For many of us, it turned the world upside down. The pandemic slowed down some parts of life but accelerated others. For example, efforts for digitalization suddenly got tail wind. Companies discovered the advantages of remote work and home office, online offers for education and leisure sprouted like mushrooms. And being quarantined, many people started spending even more time with Social Media than before. That shift from offline to online favored misinformation as well.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":48,"featured_media":198,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[11,8,9,13],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-197","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-digitalfailure","category-infodemic","category-recently","category-socialmedia"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.1.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\r\n<title>Fighting the Infodemic: Facebook and the fake news on COVID-19 - Risky Networks<\/title>\r\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\r\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/wpmu.mau.se\/nmict202group8\/2020\/10\/02\/fighting-the-infodemic-facebook-and-the-fake-news-on-covid-19\/\" \/>\r\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\r\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\r\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Fighting the Infodemic: Facebook and the fake news on COVID-19 - Risky Networks\" \/>\r\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"COVID-19 changed our lives. The virus entered the world, changed our working lives and our attitude towards physical closeness. For many of us, it turned the world upside down. The pandemic slowed down some parts of life but accelerated others. For example, efforts for digitalization suddenly got tail wind. Companies discovered the advantages of remote work and home office, online offers for education and leisure sprouted like mushrooms. And being quarantined, many people started spending even more time with Social Media than before. 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