{"id":431,"date":"2022-10-26T04:00:52","date_gmt":"2022-10-26T04:00:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/wpmu.mau.se\/nmict22group4\/?p=431"},"modified":"2022-10-28T13:22:54","modified_gmt":"2022-10-28T13:22:54","slug":"the-garden-and-the-jungle","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/wpmu.mau.se\/nmict22group4\/2022\/10\/26\/the-garden-and-the-jungle\/","title":{"rendered":"The Garden and the Jungle"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"fb-root\"><\/div>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: left\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\"><em>A version of this post can be listened to in the video below:<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"width: 240px;\" class=\"wp-video\"><video class=\"wp-video-shortcode\" id=\"video-431-1\" width=\"240\" height=\"240\" preload=\"metadata\" controls=\"controls\"><source type=\"video\/mp4\" src=\"https:\/\/wpmu.mau.se\/nmict22group4\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/69\/2022\/10\/the_garden_and_the_jungle-240p.mp4?_=1\" \/><a href=\"https:\/\/wpmu.mau.se\/nmict22group4\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/69\/2022\/10\/the_garden_and_the_jungle-240p.mp4\">https:\/\/wpmu.mau.se\/nmict22group4\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/69\/2022\/10\/the_garden_and_the_jungle-240p.mp4<\/a><\/video><\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Allow me to hone into the three issues I proposed in my <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/wpmu.mau.se\/nmict22group4\/2022\/10\/05\/projects-life-hackers-and-the-future-of-aid\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">previous post<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">: those of outdated ways of doing aid, reforming\/dismantling existing power structures, and the limits to techno-optimism. These issues have spun off from a world view that privileges scientific knowledge, utilitarianism, and linear ideas of progress, aiming for the modern promise of singularity: a standardised, ordered world that upholds the banners of liberal individualism.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Two recent events support the claim I make above. I\u2019ll attempt to connect these events to argue for doing away with an aid system that seems to be there to whitewash, greenwash, pinkwash, rainbow-wash, etc., the blunders of Northern power institutions wherever they attempt to bring \u2018modernity\u2019 into existence.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">This botched aid system, which takes the form of <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2022\/10\/10\/americas\/haiti-unrest-unsg-intl\/index.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">military intervention<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">, <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.elpais.cr\/2022\/10\/17\/el-hambre-aumenta-en-america-latina-al-igual-que-sus-exportaciones-de-alimentos\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">extractivism disguised as \u201cfree-trade\u201d<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">, and <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/environment\/2018\/may\/10\/maasai-herders-driven-off-land-to-make-way-for-luxury-safaris-report-says\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">land grabs for environmental conservation<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">, is used to appease the conscience of Northern public opinion by throwing some coins to the hands of the displaced and dispossessed through the machinery for the advancement of their \u201cmission civilisatrice\u201d, commonly known as the development aid apparatus.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Anyways\u2026 here it goes.<\/span><\/p>\n<h4><b>Exhibit One<\/b><\/h4>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">On October 13, 2022, the EU High Representative for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy, Mr. Josep Borrell, delivered a <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.eeas.europa.eu\/eeas\/european-diplomatic-academy-opening-remarks-high-representative-josep-borrell-inauguration_en\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">speech<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> to the inaugural cohort of EU diplomats at the European Diplomatic Academy. Out off the bat, Borrell made this statement:\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<blockquote><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u201c(\u2026) Europe is a garden. We have built a garden. Everything works. It is the best combination of political freedom, economic prosperity and social cohesion that the humankind (sic) has been able to build &#8211; the three things together. (\u2026) The rest of the world (\u2026) is not exactly a garden. Most of the rest of the world is a jungle, and the jungle could invade the garden. The gardeners should take care of it, but they will not protect the garden by building walls. A nice small garden surrounded by high walls in order to prevent the jungle from coming in is not going to be a solution. Because the jungle has a strong growth capacity, and the wall will never be high enough in order to protect the garden.\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The gardeners have to go to the jungle. Europeans have to be much more engaged with the rest of the world. Otherwise, the rest of the world will invade us, by different ways and means.\u201d\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">In a not-so-subtle way, Mr. Borrell has captured the essence of the aid system: its values, power structures, and how the non-European \u2018other\u2019 is constructed. The assumptions under which the aid system is built shape its character as a totalizing political project that advances through the occupation, appropriation, and displacement of knowledge, as well as the imposition of a universal worldview, bounded by binary categories, such as Garden\/Jungle and Developed\/Under-developed. This is what Enrique Dussel calls the \u201c<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/doi-org.proxy.mau.se\/10.2307\/303341\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">fallacy of developmentalism<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u201d, namely \u201cthinking that the path of Europe&#8217;s modern development must be followed unilaterally by every other culture\u201d.<\/span><\/p>\n<h4><b>Exhibit Two<\/b><\/h4>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Having identified the beliefs, values, and attitudes of Euro-modernity thanks (?) to Mr. Borrell, allow me to explore how these mental models have translated into practice. A good example at hand is the contemporary humanitarian system. In early September 2022, <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.alnap.org\/about\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">ALNAP<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">, a global network of traditional humanitarian donor, practitioner and academic organisations \u2013 all of which are from the Global North \u2013, launched their <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">fifth<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">-ever \u201c<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/sohs.alnap.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">State of the Humanitarian System\u201d (SOHS) Report<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">. This report assesses \u201cthe size, shape and performance of the humanitarian system against key criteria over time\u201d. The findings are, to put it mildly, deeply concerning.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">In terms of the global humanitarian context, when compared to the previous round of reporting in 2018, the humanitarian system has witnessed:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">A global increase of over 87% in the number of people, recognized by the UN\u2019s Global Humanitarian Overview, in need of humanitarian assistance<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">97 million people pushed into extreme poverty due to the social and economic impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">A raise in autocracy and the closure of civic space globally, which translated into the rejection of humanitarian norms and human rights<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Similarly, the structures in place to deliver humanitarian aid have failed to:\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Deconcentrate power: COVID-19 forced humanitarian organisations to rely more on local capacity. However, the opportunity to shift power dynamics was missed.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Deconcentrate funding: Funding for humanitarian assistance has almost doubled in the last decade, but it remains highly concentrated. At least half of the funds go to three (!) UN Agencies (WFP, UNHCR, UNICEF), and almost half of the funds come from just five donor countries.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Appropriately engage with aid recipients. Of the aid recipients interviewed:\u00a0<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Only 39% said they were satisfied with the aid received.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Only 36% thought that aid went to those who needed it most<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Lack of consultation, lack of participation in defining recipient selection criteria, lack of accountability to recipients, and the divisive nature of targeting practices employed by humanitarian organisations were equally highlighted as crucial barriers for aid effectiveness by aid recipients. As diagnosed by <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.iaran.org\/strategic-planning\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Kennedy and Maietta<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> (2022:8), the humanitarian system suffers from sclerosis, and the only way to fight it is \u201cto incept change from the outside, namely from non-formal actors in the ecosystem.\u201d This change comes in the form of radical ownership and participation at community level, guided by beliefs, values and attitudes that transcend the \u2018white modern gaze\u2019.<\/span><\/p>\n<h4><b>Gardening is violent<\/b><\/h4>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Exhibits One and Two provide two clear examples of what needs to change in humanitarian and development aid: mental models and power structures. Crucially, mental models provide the normative foundation that sustain power structures. These mindsets \u2013 call them modernity or developmentalism \u2013 determine the development, use and evaluation of approaches, paradigms and tools, such as Capacity Building, Agile and Adaptive Program Management, and Community-Based Approaches.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Developmentalism is the application of managerial technologies in non-European societies to discipline them under a standardised way of being, thinking and doing that is defined by Global North societies. It is the application of the gardener\u2019s logic, that of standardised and mechanical order, to the \u2018jungle\u2019. The fact that the \u2018jungle\u2019 does not fit into the cookie-cutter of Europeans should not be used as an excuse to bulldoze it to replace it.<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>A version of this post can be listened to in the video below: &nbsp; Allow me to hone into the three issues I proposed in my previous post: those of outdated ways of doing aid, reforming\/dismantling existing power structures, and the limits to techno-optimism. These issues have spun off from &hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":395,"featured_media":432,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[10,13,9,12,11],"tags":[15,21,26,22],"class_list":["post-431","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-decoloniality","category-future-of-aid","category-general","category-humanitarian-aid","category-postcoloniality","tag-comdev","tag-commisaid","tag-decoloniseaid","tag-futureofaid"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.1.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\r\n<title>The Garden and the Jungle - Perplexed Periphery<\/title>\r\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"The assumptions under which the aid system is built shape its character as a totalizing political project.\" \/>\r\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\r\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/wpmu.mau.se\/nmict22group4\/2022\/10\/26\/the-garden-and-the-jungle\/\" \/>\r\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\r\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\r\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"The Garden and the Jungle\" \/>\r\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"The assumptions under which the aid system is built shape its character as a totalizing political project that advances through the occupation, appropriation and displacement of knowledge, and the imposition of a universal worldview, bounded by binary categories, such as Garden\/Jungle and Developed\/Under-developed.\" \/>\r\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/wpmu.mau.se\/nmict22group4\/2022\/10\/26\/the-garden-and-the-jungle\/\" \/>\r\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Perplexed Periphery\" \/>\r\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2022-10-26T04:00:52+00:00\" \/>\r\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2022-10-28T13:22:54+00:00\" \/>\r\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/wpmu.mau.se\/nmict22group4\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/69\/2022\/10\/Social-Media-Posts-3-768x768.png\" \/>\r\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"768\" \/>\r\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"768\" \/>\r\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/png\" \/>\r\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Juan Posada Burbano\" \/>\r\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\r\n<meta name=\"twitter:title\" content=\"The Garden and the Jungle\" \/>\r\n<meta name=\"twitter:description\" content=\"The assumptions under which the aid system is built shape its character as a totalizing political project that advances through the occupation, appropriation and displacement of knowledge, and the imposition of a universal worldview, bounded by binary categories, such as Garden\/Jungle and Developed\/Under-developed.\" \/>\r\n<meta name=\"twitter:image\" content=\"https:\/\/wpmu.mau.se\/nmict22group4\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/69\/2022\/10\/Social-Media-Posts-3.png\" \/>\r\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Juan Posada Burbano\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"5 minutes\" \/>\r\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/wpmu.mau.se\/nmict22group4\/2022\/10\/26\/the-garden-and-the-jungle\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/wpmu.mau.se\/nmict22group4\/2022\/10\/26\/the-garden-and-the-jungle\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Juan Posada Burbano\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/wpmu.mau.se\/nmict22group4\/#\/schema\/person\/879128d3bc47f7f6656a18f3e32fe30b\"},\"headline\":\"The Garden and the Jungle\",\"datePublished\":\"2022-10-26T04:00:52+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2022-10-28T13:22:54+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/wpmu.mau.se\/nmict22group4\/2022\/10\/26\/the-garden-and-the-jungle\/\"},\"wordCount\":1050,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/wpmu.mau.se\/nmict22group4\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/wpmu.mau.se\/nmict22group4\/2022\/10\/26\/the-garden-and-the-jungle\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/wpmu.mau.se\/nmict22group4\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/69\/2022\/10\/Social-Media-Posts-3.png\",\"keywords\":[\"#comdev\",\"#CommIsAid\",\"#decoloniseaid\",\"#FutureofAid\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Decoloniality\",\"Future of Aid\",\"General\",\"Humanitarian aid\",\"Postcoloniality\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/wpmu.mau.se\/nmict22group4\/2022\/10\/26\/the-garden-and-the-jungle\/#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/wpmu.mau.se\/nmict22group4\/2022\/10\/26\/the-garden-and-the-jungle\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/wpmu.mau.se\/nmict22group4\/2022\/10\/26\/the-garden-and-the-jungle\/\",\"name\":\"The Garden and the Jungle - Perplexed Periphery\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/wpmu.mau.se\/nmict22group4\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/wpmu.mau.se\/nmict22group4\/2022\/10\/26\/the-garden-and-the-jungle\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/wpmu.mau.se\/nmict22group4\/2022\/10\/26\/the-garden-and-the-jungle\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/wpmu.mau.se\/nmict22group4\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/69\/2022\/10\/Social-Media-Posts-3.png\",\"datePublished\":\"2022-10-26T04:00:52+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2022-10-28T13:22:54+00:00\",\"description\":\"The assumptions under which the aid system is built shape its character as a totalizing political project.\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/wpmu.mau.se\/nmict22group4\/2022\/10\/26\/the-garden-and-the-jungle\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/wpmu.mau.se\/nmict22group4\/2022\/10\/26\/the-garden-and-the-jungle\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/wpmu.mau.se\/nmict22group4\/2022\/10\/26\/the-garden-and-the-jungle\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/wpmu.mau.se\/nmict22group4\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/69\/2022\/10\/Social-Media-Posts-3.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/wpmu.mau.se\/nmict22group4\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/69\/2022\/10\/Social-Media-Posts-3.png\",\"width\":1080,\"height\":1080,\"caption\":\"The garden and the jungle portayed through the European imagination\"},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/wpmu.mau.se\/nmict22group4\/2022\/10\/26\/the-garden-and-the-jungle\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/wpmu.mau.se\/nmict22group4\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"The Garden and the Jungle\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/wpmu.mau.se\/nmict22group4\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/wpmu.mau.se\/nmict22group4\/\",\"name\":\"Perplexed Periphery\",\"description\":\"Communicating Social Change in Perplexing Times\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/wpmu.mau.se\/nmict22group4\/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/wpmu.mau.se\/nmict22group4\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/wpmu.mau.se\/nmict22group4\/#organization\",\"name\":\"Perplexed Periphery\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/wpmu.mau.se\/nmict22group4\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/wpmu.mau.se\/nmict22group4\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/wpmu.mau.se\/nmict22group4\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/69\/2022\/09\/PP-logo5@2x.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/wpmu.mau.se\/nmict22group4\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/69\/2022\/09\/PP-logo5@2x.png\",\"width\":2600,\"height\":800,\"caption\":\"Perplexed Periphery\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/wpmu.mau.se\/nmict22group4\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/\"}},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/wpmu.mau.se\/nmict22group4\/#\/schema\/person\/879128d3bc47f7f6656a18f3e32fe30b\",\"name\":\"Juan Posada Burbano\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/wpmu.mau.se\/nmict22group4\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/fd0f51fd6b6253c9970a82d760abe64e4647968db7acaee0361126c4add85d7e?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/fd0f51fd6b6253c9970a82d760abe64e4647968db7acaee0361126c4add85d7e?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"caption\":\"Juan Posada Burbano\"},\"url\":\"https:\/\/wpmu.mau.se\/nmict22group4\/author\/al9877\/\"}]}<\/script>\r\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"The Garden and the Jungle - Perplexed Periphery","description":"The assumptions under which the aid system is built shape its character as a totalizing political project.","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/wpmu.mau.se\/nmict22group4\/2022\/10\/26\/the-garden-and-the-jungle\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"The Garden and the Jungle","og_description":"The assumptions under which the aid system is built shape its character as a totalizing political project that advances through the occupation, appropriation and displacement of knowledge, and the imposition of a universal worldview, bounded by binary categories, such as Garden\/Jungle and Developed\/Under-developed.","og_url":"https:\/\/wpmu.mau.se\/nmict22group4\/2022\/10\/26\/the-garden-and-the-jungle\/","og_site_name":"Perplexed Periphery","article_published_time":"2022-10-26T04:00:52+00:00","article_modified_time":"2022-10-28T13:22:54+00:00","og_image":[{"width":768,"height":768,"url":"https:\/\/wpmu.mau.se\/nmict22group4\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/69\/2022\/10\/Social-Media-Posts-3-768x768.png","type":"image\/png"}],"author":"Juan Posada Burbano","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_title":"The Garden and the Jungle","twitter_description":"The assumptions under which the aid system is built shape its character as a totalizing political project that advances through the occupation, appropriation and displacement of knowledge, and the imposition of a universal worldview, bounded by binary categories, such as Garden\/Jungle and Developed\/Under-developed.","twitter_image":"https:\/\/wpmu.mau.se\/nmict22group4\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/69\/2022\/10\/Social-Media-Posts-3.png","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"Juan Posada Burbano","Est. reading time":"5 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/wpmu.mau.se\/nmict22group4\/2022\/10\/26\/the-garden-and-the-jungle\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/wpmu.mau.se\/nmict22group4\/2022\/10\/26\/the-garden-and-the-jungle\/"},"author":{"name":"Juan Posada Burbano","@id":"https:\/\/wpmu.mau.se\/nmict22group4\/#\/schema\/person\/879128d3bc47f7f6656a18f3e32fe30b"},"headline":"The Garden and the Jungle","datePublished":"2022-10-26T04:00:52+00:00","dateModified":"2022-10-28T13:22:54+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/wpmu.mau.se\/nmict22group4\/2022\/10\/26\/the-garden-and-the-jungle\/"},"wordCount":1050,"commentCount":0,"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/wpmu.mau.se\/nmict22group4\/#organization"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/wpmu.mau.se\/nmict22group4\/2022\/10\/26\/the-garden-and-the-jungle\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/wpmu.mau.se\/nmict22group4\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/69\/2022\/10\/Social-Media-Posts-3.png","keywords":["#comdev","#CommIsAid","#decoloniseaid","#FutureofAid"],"articleSection":["Decoloniality","Future of Aid","General","Humanitarian aid","Postcoloniality"],"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"CommentAction","name":"Comment","target":["https:\/\/wpmu.mau.se\/nmict22group4\/2022\/10\/26\/the-garden-and-the-jungle\/#respond"]}]},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/wpmu.mau.se\/nmict22group4\/2022\/10\/26\/the-garden-and-the-jungle\/","url":"https:\/\/wpmu.mau.se\/nmict22group4\/2022\/10\/26\/the-garden-and-the-jungle\/","name":"The Garden and the Jungle - Perplexed Periphery","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/wpmu.mau.se\/nmict22group4\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/wpmu.mau.se\/nmict22group4\/2022\/10\/26\/the-garden-and-the-jungle\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/wpmu.mau.se\/nmict22group4\/2022\/10\/26\/the-garden-and-the-jungle\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/wpmu.mau.se\/nmict22group4\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/69\/2022\/10\/Social-Media-Posts-3.png","datePublished":"2022-10-26T04:00:52+00:00","dateModified":"2022-10-28T13:22:54+00:00","description":"The assumptions under which the aid system is built shape its character as a totalizing political project.","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/wpmu.mau.se\/nmict22group4\/2022\/10\/26\/the-garden-and-the-jungle\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/wpmu.mau.se\/nmict22group4\/2022\/10\/26\/the-garden-and-the-jungle\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/wpmu.mau.se\/nmict22group4\/2022\/10\/26\/the-garden-and-the-jungle\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/wpmu.mau.se\/nmict22group4\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/69\/2022\/10\/Social-Media-Posts-3.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/wpmu.mau.se\/nmict22group4\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/69\/2022\/10\/Social-Media-Posts-3.png","width":1080,"height":1080,"caption":"The garden and the jungle portayed through the European imagination"},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/wpmu.mau.se\/nmict22group4\/2022\/10\/26\/the-garden-and-the-jungle\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/wpmu.mau.se\/nmict22group4\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"The Garden and the Jungle"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/wpmu.mau.se\/nmict22group4\/#website","url":"https:\/\/wpmu.mau.se\/nmict22group4\/","name":"Perplexed Periphery","description":"Communicating Social Change in Perplexing Times","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/wpmu.mau.se\/nmict22group4\/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/wpmu.mau.se\/nmict22group4\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/wpmu.mau.se\/nmict22group4\/#organization","name":"Perplexed Periphery","url":"https:\/\/wpmu.mau.se\/nmict22group4\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/wpmu.mau.se\/nmict22group4\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/wpmu.mau.se\/nmict22group4\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/69\/2022\/09\/PP-logo5@2x.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/wpmu.mau.se\/nmict22group4\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/69\/2022\/09\/PP-logo5@2x.png","width":2600,"height":800,"caption":"Perplexed Periphery"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/wpmu.mau.se\/nmict22group4\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"}},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/wpmu.mau.se\/nmict22group4\/#\/schema\/person\/879128d3bc47f7f6656a18f3e32fe30b","name":"Juan Posada Burbano","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/wpmu.mau.se\/nmict22group4\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/fd0f51fd6b6253c9970a82d760abe64e4647968db7acaee0361126c4add85d7e?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/fd0f51fd6b6253c9970a82d760abe64e4647968db7acaee0361126c4add85d7e?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"Juan Posada Burbano"},"url":"https:\/\/wpmu.mau.se\/nmict22group4\/author\/al9877\/"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/wpmu.mau.se\/nmict22group4\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/431","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/wpmu.mau.se\/nmict22group4\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/wpmu.mau.se\/nmict22group4\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wpmu.mau.se\/nmict22group4\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/395"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wpmu.mau.se\/nmict22group4\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=431"}],"version-history":[{"count":13,"href":"https:\/\/wpmu.mau.se\/nmict22group4\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/431\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":455,"href":"https:\/\/wpmu.mau.se\/nmict22group4\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/431\/revisions\/455"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wpmu.mau.se\/nmict22group4\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/432"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/wpmu.mau.se\/nmict22group4\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=431"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wpmu.mau.se\/nmict22group4\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=431"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wpmu.mau.se\/nmict22group4\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=431"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}