﻿{"id":91,"date":"2022-10-04T11:28:36","date_gmt":"2022-10-04T11:28:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/wpmu.mau.se\/nmict22group5\/?p=91"},"modified":"2022-10-30T02:05:47","modified_gmt":"2022-10-30T02:05:47","slug":"new-media-activists-introducing-simon","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/wpmu.mau.se\/nmict22group5\/2022\/10\/04\/new-media-activists-introducing-simon\/","title":{"rendered":"If it ain\u2019t broke, don\u2019t fix it. But is it broken?"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"fb-root\"><\/div>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-119 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/wpmu.mau.se\/nmict22group5\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/70\/2022\/10\/Simon-intro-1-300x200.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"792\" height=\"528\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wpmu.mau.se\/nmict22group5\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/70\/2022\/10\/Simon-intro-1-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/wpmu.mau.se\/nmict22group5\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/70\/2022\/10\/Simon-intro-1-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/wpmu.mau.se\/nmict22group5\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/70\/2022\/10\/Simon-intro-1-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/wpmu.mau.se\/nmict22group5\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/70\/2022\/10\/Simon-intro-1-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/wpmu.mau.se\/nmict22group5\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/70\/2022\/10\/Simon-intro-1-430x287.jpg 430w, https:\/\/wpmu.mau.se\/nmict22group5\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/70\/2022\/10\/Simon-intro-1.jpg 1600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 792px) 100vw, 792px\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pixabay.com\/photos\/fake-news-hoax-press-computer-4881488\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Image Source<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Dear readers,<br \/>\nhumans are social animals. If you\u2019ve ever read\/studied anything psychology\/sociology related, you will no doubt have come across this phrase before. It follows, then, that we as a species have developed a bunch of mechanisms that allow us to interact with another socially to learn from another, develop and grow, and avoid things that would negatively impact us. And for a couple of thousand years, those predispositions and biases have served us quite well in allowing us to live longer, become more numerous, and increase our standard of life. Let\u2019s group some of these social predispositions under the term cognitive biases. While there are a number of these at work in our brains at any given point in time, here are a number that may be more prevalent when it comes to how we interact with new(s) media:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Confirmation bias \u2013 we like hearing opinions that reaffirm our own. This strengthens in-group feelings. We all like to belong, and will often unconsciously adjust our beliefs so we feel like we\u2019re part of the cool crowd.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Affinity bias\/in-group bias- we prefer those who are similar to us. This is not as prevalent, since it\u2019s mostly on an individual level, but can be at work when it comes to \u2018strong personalities\u2019 in news.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Dunning-Kruger Effect \u2013 this is a big one. Basically, this means \u201cI have a limited understanding of something, therefore it is simple\u201d, usually followed by sweeping suggestions\/directives of how to solve this thing that is oh-so-simple<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Selection bias \u2013 we start seeing something a lot more once we are sensitized to it. I recently bought a red car. Now I see red cars everywhere.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Fundamental attribution bias \u2013 we make causal assumptions when information is lacking. ie. \u201cmy colleague is always late to our meetings because he is a lazy person\u201d or \u201cHillary Clinton would be a bad president because she is an evil lizard person\u201d.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Mere exposure effect \u2013 repeated exposure to certain stimuli makes us accept and like them. Advertising works with this principle heaps.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3><b>There\u2019s just so much out there<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">A study that tried to quantify all the different news outlets and those sites that claim to be news\u2026 has never successfully been carried through and would likely be outdated by the time it was published. My point is, you can get your news from virtually anywhere these days. Now you might be thinking: \u201cBut Simon, how does the reliability of media come into this? Doesn\u2019t the internet have a way of regulating the truthfulness of published content by vetting it through its gigantic user base? The cream rises to the top, does it not?!\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">No. The cream is often rancid.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The opposite is true, actually. While the diversity of sources is in itself not a bad thing, it can (and does) very quickly have a detrimental effect on the quality of news overall. Working with more easily quantified samples, a <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/arxiv.org\/pdf\/1701.02694.pdf\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">study <\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">carried out by the Shanghai Institute of Technology and the University of Indiana found that the sheer mass of media that is available to us cheapens the quality of everything that there is out there because (thanks to our biases) we start filtering out information that is nuanced or offers new perspectives, instead favouring those posts that are readily (and in masse) dished up to us.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Viewing and producing blogs, videos, tweets, and other units of information called memes have become so cheap and easy that the information marketplace is inundated. Unable to process all this material, we let our cognitive biases decide what we should pay attention to. These mental shortcuts influence which information we search for, comprehend, remember and repeat to a harmful extent. (<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.scientificamerican.com\/article\/information-overload-helps-fake-news-spread-and-social-media-knows-it\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Scientific American<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">We all have other things to do, after all, then become an expert on any given topic out there. At the same time, we want to feel informed, like being able to have an opinion on things. So we choose the middle path &#8211; we read\/watch\/listen up on whatever is in the headlines to the extent that our everyday lives allow us and, for the most part, don\u2019t really bother to make a background check on half the bite-sized news we consume. Ain\u2019t nobody got time for that.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">What ends up happening is that as much as we consume the media, this media in turn increasingly consumes us (in the sense of occupying an increasingly large space in our lives). As Herbert A. Simon (economist &amp; Psychologist) noted, \u201cwhat information consumes is rather obvious: it consumes the attention of its recipients.\u201d And bigger is better. When it comes to revenue, having millions of clicks on a lousy post is just so much sweeter than a hundred clicks on a well-researched and formulated article. Better yet, people\u2019s attention spans are short; we\u2019ll happily consume 15 seconds snippets on TikTok for an hour but will x-away the in-depth article it would have taken half an hour to read. If you\u2019re not up for tons more reading, I\u2019d highly recommend the documentary \u201c<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thesocialdilemma.com\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The Social Dilemma<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u201d to take a deep dive into that topic. So on one hand, we the users are prone to consume those things that come easy to us and vibe with our biases. Media platforms are business &#8211; not altruistically &#8211; driven. More clicks &gt; reliable information. More clicks &gt; ethical representation. More clicks &gt; pretty much anything.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3><b>So what to do? No news is *not* good news (I think)<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Perhaps you\u2019ve heard this before: \u201cI\u2019m just so fed up with all the fake news, I don\u2019t read any news at all.\u201d Problem solved, right?<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">No, not really.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">But let\u2019s leave that for another post \ud83d\ude09\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3><b>Let\u2019s get meta here real quick:<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">So as you are shoveling this (hopefully) useful information into your head, is there a little voice in the back of your head questioning everything you\u2019re reading on the account of what you are reading? If yes, good!\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">After all, biases are at work here, too. With an intentionally \u2018relatable\u2019 tone, a clustering of our blog\u2019s various social media channels, and perhaps even touching on a distrust for social media that you harbour yourself already, any given number of biases are at work in virtually anything we perceive. Awareness of these biases and how they work in the arena of new media is the first step in not being directed by them. So by all means, question what you read here, follow the sources and interact with us in the comment section to see if we\u2019re not bots.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><b><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-121 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/wpmu.mau.se\/nmict22group5\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/70\/2022\/10\/Simon-intro-2-200x300.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"294\" height=\"440\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wpmu.mau.se\/nmict22group5\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/70\/2022\/10\/Simon-intro-2-200x300.jpg 200w, https:\/\/wpmu.mau.se\/nmict22group5\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/70\/2022\/10\/Simon-intro-2-233x350.jpg 233w, https:\/\/wpmu.mau.se\/nmict22group5\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/70\/2022\/10\/Simon-intro-2.jpg 333w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 294px) 100vw, 294px\" \/><\/b><\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><a style=\"text-align: right\" href=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?sa=i&amp;url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pinterest.com%2Frloops1954%2F&amp;psig=AOvVaw3B9-cF0d12uEjUU-PH-Z1z&amp;ust=1665571253472000&amp;source=images&amp;cd=vfe&amp;ved=0CA0QjhxqFwoTCIiTqOz-1_oCFQAAAAAdAAAAABAU\">Image source<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Thank you very much for reading to the end and I look forward to lively discussions directly on the post\u2019s \u201cComments\u201d section as well as on\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/profile.php?id=100086593593644\">Facebook<\/a>\u00a0and\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/NewMediaAct?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw%7Ctwcamp%5Eembeddedtimeline%7Ctwterm%5Escreen-name%3ANewMediaAct%7Ctwcon%5Es2\">Twitter<\/a>. What do you think about the phrase &#8220;If it ain&#8217;t broke, don&#8217;t fix it&#8221;? Is this holding us back or are we still doing enough to challenge the status quo? Did you feel like you&#8217;ve learnt enough about quantifying news outlets? And what is something you feel was missing in the analysis? I\u2019m eager to know and to broaden my horizons. Thank you in advance for the engagement!<br \/>\n\u201cRead\u201d you next time!<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Image Source Dear readers, humans are social animals. If you\u2019ve ever read\/studied anything psychology\/sociology related, you will no doubt have come across this phrase before. It follows, then, that we as a species have developed a bunch of mechanisms that allow us to interact with another socially to learn from &hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":400,"featured_media":202,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[10,9,8,12],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-91","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-digital-exploitation","category-fake-news","category-social-change","category-social-media"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\r\n<title>If it ain\u2019t broke, don\u2019t fix it. 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