{"id":382,"date":"2023-11-04T17:04:19","date_gmt":"2023-11-04T17:04:19","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/wpmu.mau.se\/nmict23group6\/?p=382"},"modified":"2023-11-04T17:30:16","modified_gmt":"2023-11-04T17:30:16","slug":"tech-regulations-are-they-enough-to-sustain-a-democratic-development-supporting-humanitarian-development-needs-and-digital-activism","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/wpmu.mau.se\/nmict23group6\/2023\/11\/04\/tech-regulations-are-they-enough-to-sustain-a-democratic-development-supporting-humanitarian-development-needs-and-digital-activism\/","title":{"rendered":"Tech regulations: are they enough to sustain a democratic development supporting humanitarian development needs and digital activism?"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Context<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

In my previous post I provided an overview of emerging deepfake technologies and described how it can be used to undermine democracy, and manipulate consciousness and truth. I drew a parallel between deepfakes and the Liar Dividend concept (Chesney&Citron 2018)<\/a> and what emerged was that there are no laws that legitimize the use of deepfake and similar digital technologies. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the thread of examining the lack of law, I moved in the interactive post explaining how the activist Glenn Cantave and his movement \u201cKinfolk\u201d<\/a> uses the lack of law as an opportunity using augmented reality (AR) in making the oppressed voice heard and embracing democracy. I concluded with Pierangelo Marano\u2019s interview. Pierangelo who is an expert in content, reclaims to be worried about the lack of law digital tools underlining the necessity of regulation in political, health, and scientific matters. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

I closed my last post with the wish that governments can find a solution in terms of law regulation without affecting democracy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Introduction<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

The purpose of this essay is to take a closer look at the regulations in digital tools and technology, and how they could be used to undermine democracy. I will move from the concept of law, which I confronted with in my previous posts,<\/a> to  ethics. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

What will then be noticed is that digital tools are human driven so as for all human beings, perceived having race and this concept could impact ethics. I will then examine if racial bias in digital tools and technologies could have negative effects if used in development.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From Law to Ethics<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n
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Law and ethics serve a similar purpose sharing characteristics in establishing boundaries and in guiding human behavior. But ethical behavior both defines, and is measured by, culture and different societies and cultures having different ideas of ethical behavior. <\/a> The European Parliament (2020)<\/a> states that ethics cannot be \u201creduced to codes of conduct, guidelines, or principles exclusively\u201d. Rather, ethics should be understood as a continuous process in the framework of digital technology that is in constant evolution.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ethics and technologies<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n
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To dwell deeper into the concept of ethics in digital technology I will refer to the paper \u201cEthical issues in digital technologies\u201d  <\/em>(Shoentgen A.,Wilkingson L. 2021) elaborated during the 23rd<\/sup> Biennial Conference of the International Telecommunication Society (ITS) held in Gothenburg in 2021.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

What first emerged was the necessity to consider personal data sharing as a fundamental element in development of digital tools.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Personal data sharing has different meanings across countries and cultures. In China, sharing data to contribute to the common good is accepted. On the contrary, in Europe there has been  a strongly embedded culture of individual and privacy rights for centuries (2019, Koening).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During the past years, numerous guidelines and frameworks on personal data sharing on digital platforms have been published by various countries and groups of countries – including ethical frameworks.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Europe and the US were early to include ethics frameworks in the development of digital technologies. These ethical concerns place humans, and their personal data, at the center of technology (Tubaro & Casilli 2022,pp 174-190). Addressing those elements in digital technologies it explicit human control on technology doing this ethical values will be applied onto technologies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Figure 1 shows the framework elaborated during the conference for assessing ethical concerns in digital technologies.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

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To dwell deeper, willing to know if an expert applies the same framework I report an interview with a professional in digital tools and technologies and his opinion about ethics in digital tools and technology. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Orio Navarra<\/a> is the founder of \u201cThe Pepegas team<\/em><\/a>\u201d and \u201cInvisible cities\u201d<\/em><\/a> He is an expert in digital tools and AI\/AR technologies, and known as one of the first in the world to set up in a live coverage of the NGI LAN 2002 event<\/a> with his team in 2002. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is what he had to say on the matter:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Orio Navarra ph.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
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\u201dTh\u0435 boundary b\u0435tw\u0435\u0435n digital tools and \u0435thics in technology is a critical conc\u0435rn.\u00a0 It is important to maintain \u0435thical standards and consid\u0435r first of all the Data Privacy: ethical boundari\u0435s must b\u0435 maintain\u0435d wh\u0435n coll\u0435cting and using us\u0435r data.\u00a0 Cons\u0435nt and data prot\u0435ction r\u0435gulations ar\u0435 \u0435ss\u0435ntial and never obvious.\u00a0
The other main arguments of this topic are:<\/em><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

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